ATOMIC STRUCTURE LECTURE

 Essential Question:  What is the atom made up of?

Learning Objective:  Atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons

SWBAT:

• Describe and draw the parts of an atom and their charges

HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE

1. Draw and label the parts of an atom
2. Write down the charges of the subatomic particles
3. Submit your drawing in the Canvas assignment

 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6LPAwAmnCQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sRPejoNktKE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHJkJGBdvwE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6LPAwAmnCQ&t=3s

Grizzlies,

Draw a model of an atom. You can use the internet to help you .

Submission: 

 

The drawing must include the following:

1. Nucleus containing the subatomic particles protons and neutrons and  draw their charges
2. electron cloud containing the electrons and their charges
3. Label the nucleus, the protons, the electrons and the neutrons and the electron cloud
4. Take a picture of it and submit it.

 

Grizzlies,

Please, write down the missing  word on each box

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

 

 Grizzlies,

Please, write down the missing  words (separate the two words by a comma).

Submit the drawing of the atom

1.

2.

3.

4.

 

 

INTRO TO ATOMS LECTURE

INTRODUCTION TO ATOMS LECTURE

Essential Question:  What is "matter" made up of and how small are atoms?

Learning Objective:  Matter is made up of the smallest particles that can make matter: atoms

SWBAT:

• Describe what "matter" is and what is it made up of.
• Describe the size of atoms. 

HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE

1. Can you show me an atom? Why or why not?
2. Draw me a model of what you think an atom looks like and submit it through Canvas.

        

The pages below are from my lecture.  These pages are my own creation and I expect every student  to study them profoundly and LEARN the very important concepts I am introducing you to. By the way, this is an expectation I have for every day during the school year :). 

IMPORTANT: Take notes of lectures to study for tests and quizzes.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yf-lNTN_Ufc Size of atoms

 

   

  

 

 

 

How small is an atom? 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I&t=189s

What is an atom and how do we know?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhveTGblGHY

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6IeeshkVATY - Seeing the smallest thing in the universe

 

 

CHECKING FOR UNDERSTANDING (CFU)  NTRO TO ATOMS CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT

 Watch the video "Just how small is an Atom?" and write down 4 concepts you have learned. Make sure to include nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons . Use full sentences (4 pts)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQP4UJhNn0I

VIDEO: Just how small is an Atom? (2 points)

1.         
2.         
3.         
4.         

3.   Watch the video "What is an atom and how do we know?" and write down 6 concepts you have learned. Use full sentences (6 points).

            https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhveTGblGHY

VIDEO: What is an atom and how do we know? (2 points)

1.         
2.         
3.         
6.         

 

ATOMS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE

BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIODIC TABLE

Essential Question:  What does the Periodic Table tell us about atoms?

Learning Objective:  The Periodic Table helps us to determine the number of protons, neutrons. electrons and mass of atoms (among other more advanced information that we will discuss at a later time)

SWBAT:

• Use the  Periodic Table to determine the type of atom and its subatomic particle we are dealing with 

HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE

1. Can you briefly explain what the periodic table is and its structure?

WHAT DOES EACH BOX IN THE PERIODIC TABLE TELL YOU?

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSyAehMdpyI

HISTORY OF THE ATOM

 HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF ATOMS LECTURE

Essential Question:  What is the timeline of the discovery of the atom and its subatomic particles?

Learning Objective:  The discovery of atoms and their subatomic particles involves the work of many scientists since  400 BC until now. 

SWBAT:

• Create a timeline of the discovery of atoms and subatomic particles

HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE

1. Provide the names of at least 5 scientists who helped develop our current knowledge of atoms

https://www.sisd.net/cms/lib/TX01001452/Centricity/Domain/1297/The_history_of_the_atom_Notes-_condensed.pdf

BRIEF TIMELINE HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF THE ATOM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xazQRcSCRaY&t=122s

 

JJ THOMSON

•  "PLUM PUDDING MODEL" OF AN ATOM
• "CATHODE RAY TUBE" EXPERIMENT
• DISCOVERED ELECTRONS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xKZRpAsWL8 - CATHODE RAY TUBE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JUJPyQtoB5E  - PLUM PUDDING MODEL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rb6MguN0Uj4 - TYLER DEWITT

 

 

 

 

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

•  "NUCLEAR  MODEL" OF AN ATOM
• "GOLD FOIL EXPERIMENT"
• DISCOVERED THE NUCLEUS 
• DISCOVERED THE PROTONS INSIDE THE NUCLEUS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dNp-vP17asI - TYLER DEWITT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ1h_gdVlHg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBqHkraf8iE&t=92s

 

 

NIELS BOHR

•  "PLANETARY  MODEL" OF AN ATOM
• DISCOVERED WHY ELECTRONS ARE NOT ATTRACTED TO THE NUCLEUS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LA9juHlyhKw

 

 

 

ERWIN SHRODINGER

•  "THE CLOUD  MODEL" OF AN ATOM
• "QUANTUM MECHANIC"

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMIvWz-7GmU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQKELOE9eY4

 

 

 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fP2TAw7NnVU - Quantum Mechanics

SUMMARY OF THE TIMELINE BY TYLER DEWITT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSAgLvKOPLQ&t=497s

 GRIZZLIES,

WATCH TYLER DeWITT VIDEO "MODELS OF THE ATOM TIMELINE" AND COMPLETE THE TABLE WITH THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE VIDEO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSAgLvKOPLQ&t=575s

PRESENTATION:

PROVIDE AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE

USE BULLET POINTS FOR EACH INFORMATION YOU ARE PROVIDING

MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE THE NAME OF THE MODELS AND THE NAME OF THE EXPERIMENTS PERFORMED BY THESE SCIENTISTS

LINK:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WXE2uNnLtT5mDoyVfyvH0kHicJjEf09L/view?usp=sharing

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1U_jrVFriuRHFLJsFaWmAwpAp3LDS3LVJ/view?usp=sharing

 

Grizzlies,

Read the assignment above and submit after answering all the 20 questions based on the reading part. 

Atomic Models Timeline Webquest

 

Part I –  Models of the Atom

Democritus

Click the following link: http://thehistoryoftheatom.weebly.com/democritus.html

1.     How did Democritus come to his conclusions about the atom?
2.     Write two contributions Democritus gave to modern science

Dalton

Click the following link: http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/composition/dalton.html

1.   List the 4 ideas of Dalton’s Atomic Theory

2.   Is the atomic theory still valid today?  Explain

3.   Why is he important in regards to atomic theory?

 

J.J. Thomson

Use the lecture notes and the videos in the lecture to answer these questions.

1.  What “name” is given to his model?  _________________  .  
2. DESCRIBE his model in the space below.
3. What type of rays did he use to determine the presence of electrons?
4.  What experiment did he do?

 

Rutherford

Use the lecture notes and the videos in the lecture to answer these questions.

1.  How did Rutherford describe the atom?
2. What experiment did he do?  Describe the experiment.

 

Bohr and Schrodinger 

Click on the following link: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/dp13at.html

1. Explain Bohr’s “planetary model”.  Where are the neutrons and protons?  Where are the electrons?
2. Complete the blanks with information from the site.   Each orbit around the nucleus represents an ________________________.    Electrons cannot exist between _________________.
3. What happens to the energy levels of the orbitals as you move further from the nucleus?
4. Bohr’s model was an improvement over the older models because he recognized that electrons had to be in _____________________ (____________________).
5. Bohr’s model needed to be improved upon because it did not work for atoms that were _______________ than Hydrogen.
6. Schrodinger predicted that electrons had electromagnetic energy, meaning that they can behave both like a ________________ and a _________________.
7. Instead of having electrons in specific orbits, they were placed in clouds in Schrodinger’s model.  In the cloud model can scientists predict where an electron is?  Explain.

9.   Can an electron be found in an exact spot within an atom? 

Part II – Summarizing The Story So Far

1. What major changes occurred from Democritus’s model to Thomson’s model?
2. What major changes occurred from Thomson’s model to Rutherford’s model?
3. What major changes occurred from Rutherford’s model to Bohr’s model?
4. What changed from Bohr’s model to the electron cloud model?

 

Part III – What is an Atom?

Click the following link:  http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/Propulsion/1-what-is-an-atom.html .  Read the top paragraph (only) and answer the following questions:

1. Everything in the universe (except energy) is made up of ______________________ .
2. Therefore, everything in the universe is made up of ___________________.
3. An atom itself is made up of three tiny kinds of particles called subatomic particles:  ___________, 

________________ and  __________________ .

4.  The protons and the neutrons make up the ________________ called the nucleus.

5.   The _____________________ fly around above the nucleus in a small cloud.

6.   The electrons carry a ________________ charge and the protons carry a ___________________charge.

7.    In a normal (neutral) atom the number of protons _____________________ the number of electrons. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ISOTOPES LECTURE NOTES

 

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS 

also known as

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER

Essential Question:  What is  "The Law of Conservation of Mass"?

Learning Objective:  "The Law of Conservation of Mass" states that during a chemical reaction , the total mass of the reactants must be equal to the total mass of the product. 

SWBAT: 

•  Learn the basics of the components of a chemical equation
• Explore how during a chemical reaction the mass of the reactants and products must be equal

ASSIGNMENTS:

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS CLASSWORK QUESTIONS

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS QUESTIONS

CK-12: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS ASSIGNMENT

CK-12: LAW OF CONSERVATION OR MASS QUIZ

HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE

• Imagine an ice cube melting. Which one will weigh more, the ice cube or the water formed after the ice cube has melted?
  • • • • How can you support your idea?
• You are making a nice cup of chocolate with marshmallows... You add the following ingredients:
  
  • • • • 30 grams of powdered chocolate
        • 300 ml (grams) of hot milk
        • 4 marshmallows each with a mass of 5 grams. The marshmallows will melt on contact with he hot milk.
    • What is the final mass of your cup of chocolate (ignore the mass of the cup itself)?
    • If you were to write a "chemical reaction" to represent your cup of milk, it would like something like this:

                    powdered  chocolate + hot milk + marshmallows  a cup of chocolate 

 

                       powdered  chocolate + hot milk + marshmallows  a cup of chocolate 

                                   30 grams             +    300 ml  +          20 grams          350 grams

                     THESE EXAMPLES ILLUSTRATE THE "LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS"

CLASSWORK QUESTION: 5 MINUTES

1. ON A PIECE OF PAPER EXPLAIN THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS USING THE EXAMPLES WE HAVE JUST EXPLORED. YOU WILL NEED TO SUBMIT YOUR ANSWERS ON CANVAS AT THE END OF TODAY.

WEBSITES: 

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/the-law-of-conservation-of-mass/

INTRODUCTION KEY POINTS:

The Law of Conservation of Mass

          The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction. If we account for all reactants and products in a chemical reaction, the total mass will be the same at any point in time in any closed system. Lavoisier's finding laid the foundation for modern chemistry and revolutionized science.

      There are three types of systems: open, closed and isolated. These systems may or may not allow for matter and/or energy to move in and out of the system. The system is the area of interest and the surrounding is the area outside of it.

     QUESTION:  Can you think of what happens to matter and energy in an open system? closed system? isolated system?   

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFP6SvWPOQc - closed system

           The Law of Conservation of Mass holds true because naturally occurring elements are very stable at the conditions found on the surface of the Earth. 

          Most elements come from fusion reactions found only in stars or supernovae. Therefore, in the everyday world of Earth, from the peak of the highest mountain to the depths of the deepest ocean, atoms are not converted to other elements during chemical reactions. Because of this, individual atoms that make up living and nonliving matter are very old and each atom has a history. 

          An individual atom of a biologically important element, such as carbon, may have spent 65 million years buried as coal before being burned in a power plant, followed by two decades in Earth's atmosphere before being dissolved in the ocean, and then taken up by an algal cell that was consumed by a copepod before being respired and again entering Earth's atmosphere.  The atom itself is neither created nor destroyed but cycles among chemical compounds.

         Ecologists can apply the law of conservation of mass to the analysis of elemental cycles by conducting a mass balance. These analyses are as important to the progress of ecology as Lavoisier's findings were to chemistry.

KEY POINTS:

• The Law of Conservation of Mass states that  matter is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions.
  • • • Matter simply gets transformed into a different form
• During a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants must be equal to the mass of the products.  
  • • • Mass of reactants = Mass of products
      • Chemical Reactions are expressed or represented by Chemical Equations
• A chemical equation is the written representation of a chemical reaction. 
  • • • Similar to following a recipe. You have your ingredients and you have your final product (apple pie, Asian orange chicken, pasta a la marinara...)

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

• Chemical equations are visual representations of chemical reactions. 
• Chemical equations are like recipes chemists use to create a new product. They provide  written instructions that can be followed easily by those who understand the language of chemistry.
• A recipe provides information and directions that can be followed. The end result will be a delicious dish (If the cook followed all the instructions correctly, of course).
• Just like a cook, a chemist  must follow a "recipe." 

 

 

PARTS OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION

 

 

 

VIDEOS ON CHEMICAL EQUATIONS:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VERCurM8q_E

Sodium (Na) reacting with water

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3422Zk5tj4   Sodium in water reaction 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0zVlfybWHE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VoFkQtg6Wo

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CCzRYSyxGU

 

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS 

also know as

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER 

 

MATTER (a very basic introduction)

• As discussed in previous lectures, MATTER is anything that has mass and takes up space.
• Matter is made up of invisible particles called atoms.
• Atoms "get together" with other atoms to form bigger pieces of matter called molecules and compounds. 

• As molecules and compounds "get together" they form bigger and bigger types of matter that start getting visible to us. 
• Matter comes in a variety of shapes, forms and states: 
  • • • solid, liquid and gas states being the most well know to us

 

• Just as with energy,  the particles that make up matter do not get destroyed. They get transformed into different types of matter. 
  • • • The pizza you ate yesterday, is no longer a pizza. However, the atoms, molecules or compounds that were part of that pizza still exist, just in a different form.

 

HOW IS MASS or MATTER CONSERVED DURING CHEMICAL REACTIONS?

• The LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS (or matter) states that during a chemical reaction mass does not get destroyed or lost. Mass is conserved. 
• Mass cannot be created nor destroyed
• Mass gets transformed from one form to another. 
• During a chemical reaction REACTANTS become PRODUCTS. However, the Law of Conservation of Mass states that the mass of the REACTANTS must always be equal to the mass  of the PRODUCTS.  Mass did not get destroyed or disappeared during the chemical process, it simply got transformed into a different from. HOW?
  • • During a chemical reaction the chemical bonds in the reactants break apart and the atoms are free to form new bonds with other atoms which eventually form the products. 
• COEFFICIENTS in a chemical equation are use to balance the equation to  make sure that reactant side has the same type and number of atoms as the product side.

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ckfeRjjvI

 

LET'S TAKE A LOOK AT THIS IMAGE AND FIGURE OUT WHAT IT IS ACTUALLY "TELLING YOU"

TAKE NOTES OF THIS DISCUSSION. YOU WILL NEED THEM TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON THE NEXT ASSIGNMENT

QUESTIONS: LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

1. WHAT ELEMENTS (ATOMS) ARE PRESENT IN THE REACTANT SIDE OF THE CHEMICAL EQUATION?
2. WHAT ELEMENTS (ATOMS) ARE PRESENT IN THE PRODUCT SIDE OF THE CHEMICAL EQUATION?
3. HOW MANY ATOMS OF CARBON ARE IN THE REACTANT SIDE? 
4. HOW MANY ATOMS OF CARBON ARE IN THE PRODUCT SIDE? 
5. HOW MANY ATOMS OF OXYGEN ARE IN THE REACTANT SIDE? 
6. HOW MANY ATOMS OF OXYGEN ARE IN THE PRODUCT SIDE? 
7. HOW MANY ATOMS OF HYDROGEN ARE IN THE REACTANT SIDE? 
8. HOW MANY ATOMS OF HYDROGEN ARE IN THE PRODUCT SIDE? 
9. BASED ON THE INFORMATION BELOW. CALCULATE THE MASS FOR ONE OF THESE ATOMS:
   1. • MASS OF A SINGLE CARBON ATOM:
      • MASS OF A SINGLE OXYGEN ATOM:
      • MASS OF A SINGLE HYDROGEN ATOM:

 

VIDEOS ON MATTER AND CONSERVATION OF MASS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBTNzScLUg4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VvbX8PitSpg

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wwmsy4huZQ0 - DEMO LAB

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=774TbEUUM-A STEEL WOOL DEMO