ENERGY IN CHEMISTRY - Part 1
Essential Question: How many types of energy are there?
Learning Objective: Differentiate between types of energy
SWBAT:
- Explore and explain different types of energy
ASSIGNMENT: TYPES OF ENERGY PAPER
HMMM... BE READY TO PARTICIPATE
- How many types of energy can you name?
- Why do we need energy for?
- Where do you think energy comes from?
Key Points: https://www.ck12.org/group-assignments/89598
- All organisms use different forms of energy to power the biological processes that allows them to grow and survive.
- Kinetic energy is the energy associated with objects in motion.
- Potential energy is the type of energy associated with an object’s potential to do work.
- Chemical energy is the type of energy released from the breakdown of chemical bonds and can be harnessed
Terms:
- Chemical energy: The net potential energy liberated or absorbed during the course of a chemical reaction.
- Potential energy: Energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass). Also known as "energy at rest."
- Kinetic energy: The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its velocity. Also known as "energy in motion."
What is Energy?
Energy is the ability to do WORK.
The energy in the universe is constant and it can be transferred and transformed. Energy does not get lost, only converted and transformed into other forms of energy.
Energy is a property of objects which can be transferred to other objects or converted into different forms, but cannot be created or destroyed. Organisms use energy to survive, grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce, and for every type of biological process.
The potential energy stored in molecules can be converted to chemical energy, which can ultimately be converted to kinetic energy, enabling an organism to move. Eventually, most of energy used by organisms is transformed into heat and dissipated into the universe (but not lost).
World's Most Asked Questions: What Is Energy?
Kinetic Energy
Energy associated with objects in motion is called kinetic energy. For example, when an airplane is in flight, the airplane is moving through air very quickly—doing work to enact change on its surroundings. The jet engines are converting potential energy in fuel to the kinetic energy of movement. A wrecking ball can perform a large amount of damage, even when moving slowly. However, a still wrecking ball cannot perform any work and therefore has no kinetic energy. A speeding bullet, a walking person, the rapid movement of molecules in the air that produces heat, and electromagnetic radiation, such as sunlight, all have kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy Demonstrated with Crashing Spheres
Potential Energy
What if that same motionless wrecking ball is lifted two stories above a car with a crane? If the suspended wrecking ball is not moving, is there energy associated with it? Yes, the wrecking ball has energy because the wrecking ball has the potential to do work. This form of energy is called potential energy because it is possible for that object to do work in a given state.
Objects transfer their energy between potential and kinetic states. As the wrecking ball hangs motionlessly, it has kinetic and and potential energy. Once the ball is released, its kinetic energy increases as the ball picks up speed. At the same time, the ball loses potential energy as it nears the ground. Other examples of potential energy include the energy of water held behind a dam or a person about to skydive out of an airplane.
Chemical Energy
Potential energy is not only associated with the location of matter, but also with the structure of matter. A spring on the ground has potential energy if it is compressed, as does a rubber band that is pulled taut (stretched). The same principle applies to molecules. On a chemical level, the bonds that hold the atoms of molecules together have potential energy. This type of potential energy is called chemical energy, and like all potential energy, it can be used to do work.
For example, chemical energy is contained in the gasoline molecules that are used to power cars. When gas ignites in the engine, the bonds within its molecules are broken, and the energy released is used to drive the pistons. The potential energy stored within chemical bonds can be harnessed to perform work for biological processes. Different metabolic processes break down organic molecules to release the energy for an organism to grow and survive.
Work and Energy: Transforming Chemical Energy into Heat - Virtual Lab
Energy in Foods Calorimetry Lab
“INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY” WORKSHEET
Part 1. The two basic types of energy
Directions: Determine the best match between basic types of energy and the description provided. Put the correct letter in the blank.
______1. A skier at the top of the mountain (a) Kinetic Energy
______2. Gasoline in a storage tank (b) Potential Energy
______3. A race-care traveling at its maximum speed (c) Both forms of Energy
______4. Water flowing from a waterfall before it hits the pond below
______5. A spring in a pinball machine before it is released
______6. Burning a match
______7. A running refrigerator motor
Part 2. Definitions of Energy
Directions: Write down the definition for each of the following terms after reading the article.
ENERGY:
KINETIC ENERGY:
POTENTIAL ENERGY:
Part 3. Forms of Energy
Directions: Determine the type of energy for each form (Kinetic, Potential, or Both) and give an example.
Form | Definition | Type (KE, PE, or Both) | Example (for each type if both) |
Mechanical (motion) energy | An object’s movement creates energy |
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Thermal (heat) energy | The vibration and movement of molecules |
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Radiant energy
| Electromagnetic waves |
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Electrical energy
| Movement of electrons |
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Chemical energy
| Stored in bonds of atoms and molecules |
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Nuclear energy | Stored in the nucleus of an atom; released when nucleus splits or combines |
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Sound energy
| Vibration of waves through material |
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Gravitational energy | Energy of position or height |
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Part 4. Forms of Energy Continued
Directions: Match the energy form(s) to the description provided. A few questions may have more than one answer.
_____________1. Falling rocks from the top of a mountain (a) Mechanical
_____________2. Release of energy from the Sun (b) Electrical
_____________3. Energy released from food after it is eaten (c) Heat
_____________4. Batteries (d) Radiant
_____________5. The energy that runs a refrigerator (e) Chemical
_____________6. Nuclear fission reactors (f) Nuclear
_____________7. The rumble of thunder from a storm (g) Sound
_____________8. Rubbing your hands together
_____________9. Gasoline
_____________10. Food before it is eaten
_____________11. Lightening
Part 5. Transformation of Energy
Directions: Use the following forms of energy to fill in the table below: mechanical, electrical, heat, radiant, chemical, nuclear, and sound. The first one has been done for you.
| ORIGINAL ENERGY FORM | FINAL ENERGY FORM |
1. Electric motor | electrical | mechanical |
2. A battery that runs a moving toy |
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3. A solar panel on the roof of a house |
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4. A person lifting a chair |
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5. A nuclear power plant |
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6. A toaster |
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7. A church bell |
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8. Gasoline powering a car |
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9. A light bulb |
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10. Photosynthesis |
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10. Photosynthesis CALORIMETER: HOW TO CALCULATE FOOD CALORIES USING A CALORIMETER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ak7PN8tn4cU
Grizzlies, Use the information on this video and the calculations given in class during my Lab Demo to calculate the amount of calories in half a Brazilian nut. Show me all the calculations. USE THIS DATA FOR YOUR CALCULATIONS: MASS = 40 GRAMS INITIAL TEMPERATURE = 24 CELSIUS Grizzlies, If you have not done so yet, sign up in https://www.quia.com/web. Instructions are in your Homepage. Sign up in your https://www.quia.com/web account and be ready to play a couple of games on ENERGY and ENERGY TRANSFER. These games are meant to be educational and you will have a quiz on these new vocabulary terms. Look at the pictures below to ensure you can play the game and WIN!! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eizsm5V8c_c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNZi12OV9Xc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eJXL0IrbtqE
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